East Africa Journal of Management and Business Studies
The East African Journal of Management and Business Studies (EAJMBS) is an international open access journal that publishes scholarly articles in the field of Management and Business Studies. The main focus for this journal is to inspire, motivate and nurture researchers from corners of the world to search and share knowledge and insights through research and publication. The primary target audience includes researchers and practitioners in the field of Management and Business Studies. Content of manuscripts published in this journal include management, administration, accounting, finance, human resources and related areas.
A Comparative Analysis of Social Service Trajectories in Tanzania’s Mtwara Gas Region
Natural gas discoveries in Tanzania’s Mtwara Region raised expectations for improved socio-economic development, particularly through improvements in essential social services. This study examined how gas extraction has influenced the provision of key social services in Madimba and Msimbati Wards. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combined household survey data from 196 respondents with key informant interviews and focus group discussions to assess changes in the availability, accessibility, distance burden manageability and affordability of water, electricity, education and healthcare services. The findings show that the onset of gas extraction coincided with expanded availability of social services, with universal coverage reported for the selected services during the extraction period. Access to services improved significantly and perceptions of distance burden declined notably for water and health facilities. Affordability improved, particularly in Msimbati, where several services fall within the high affordability category. However, moderate affordability and persistent school access challenges in Madimba reveal uneven benefit distribution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright resides with the author(s) in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC 4.0. The users may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognize the author(s) and the East African Journal of Management and Business Studies
Examining the Potential of Medical Tourism Development in Tanzania
Medical tourism has emerged as a rapidly growing global phenomenon, yet its development in many African countries, including Tanzania, remains underexplored. While international research highlights Asia, Latin America and parts of Europe as leading destinations, there is limited empirical evidence on how medical tourism operates in Sub-Saharan Africa and its integration into national tourism and healthcare systems. This study examined the potential for medical tourism development in Tanzania through the qualitative case study design. The study engaged 35 purposively selected participants, including international medical tourists, healthcare providers and hospital administrators. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted face-to-face and virtually and analyzed thematically, using the NVivo software. Findings indicate that Tanzania has experienced steady growth in international patient arrivals, particularly from neighboring African countries, driven by the availability of specialized treatments in cardiology, oncology and nephrology. Medical tourism contributes significantly to foreign exchange earnings, employment and ancillary sectors, such as hospitality, transport and food services. It also enhanced healthcare infrastructure, technology and professional capacity. The study concludes that Tanzania holds strong potential as a regional medical tourism hub.
Entrepreneurial Mindset in Practice: Manifestations of Entrepreneurial Orientation among Trading SMEs in Kabwe District, Zambia
This study explored how trading Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kabwe District, Zambia, manifest Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) in their operational and strategic practices. The study adopted a qualitative case study design and collected data through in-depth interviews with ten SME owners and managers. Data analysis took place through the thematic analysis approach. Findings show that SMEs leverage decentralized decision-making to enhance operational responsiveness while fostering innovation in products, services and processes to adapt to dynamic market conditions. Risk-taking emerged as a calculated and learning-oriented practice, supporting market exploration and growth despite resource constraints. Proactive strategies enabled SMEs to anticipate market trends and capitalize on early opportunities. Competitive aggressiveness is expressed through relationship-based strategies, differentiation and assertive marketing, balancing collaboration with market positioning. Based on these insights, the study recommends that SME owners institutionalize employee autonomy, promote innovation, adopt evidence-based risk management and pursue forward-looking strategies.
Effect of Market Innovation on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania
The study assessed the effect of market innovation on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. The study, informed by the Schumpeterian Theory of Innovation, analysed the impact of various facets of market innovation, namely digital marketing, packaging, promotion and advertising, on the performance of SMEs. The study employed a cross-sectional research design as it enables the collection and analysis of data at a single point in time to determine the statistical relationships between variables. The study took place in Dar es Salaam, specifically in the Temeke District, and included a sample of 277 owners and managers of SMEs. Data was gathered via a structured questionnaire and examined through multiple regression analysis to ascertain the degree of influence each independent variable exerted on the dependent variable. To ensure validity, the study used a standardised and previously validated measurement tool. Pilot testing and internal consistency checks of the instrument confirmed the required reliability. The results showed that digital marketing (B=0.238, p=0.000), packaging (B=0.309, p=0.000), promotion (B=0.200, p=0.000) and advertising (B=0.101, p=0.000) all had a positive and significant effect on the performance of SMEs. These findings corroborate the Schumpeterian’s view that innovation propels competitive advantage and economic expansion. The study finds that market innovation improves the performance of SMEs in Tanzania. The study provided several recommendations
Unequal Shifts: A Global Synthesis of the Social, Economic and Cultural Impacts of Human Relocation
Human relocation, whether driven by development, environmental pressures or climate change, profoundly reshapes social, economic and cultural landscapes, with impacts varying across social groups and regions. This study synthesized global evidence on the multidimensional effects of relocation, with a focus on the differential experiences of women, men, youth, elders and marginalized minorities. The analysis is organized according to Cernea's Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) Model, Social Disruption Theory and Sen's Capability Approach, which represent economic threats, social dislocation, and the diversity of agency and resilience, respectively. The study concludes that while women experience disproportionately lost opportunities from disrupted informal livelihoods, men endure unstable job conditions in formal labor markets. While youth are subject to long-term setbacks from interrupted education and vocational training, elders lose cultural authority; the Indigenous/minority face compounded disadvantages by historical marginalization. While the study identified some gaps, particularly in terms of longitudinal and cross-regional studies, the findings underscore the effectiveness of participatory, gender-sensitive and culturally tailored interventions. By aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1, 5, 10, 11, 13), this study provides a multidimensional understanding of relocation and informs equitable, inclusive resettlement policies to mitigate adverse impacts and promote sustainable development.
Effect of Net Exports on Economic Growth in Tanzania: Evidence from Time Series Data (2001–2020)
This study examined the effect of exports and imports on economic growth in Tanzania, using quarterly time series data for 2001Q1–2020Q4. Drawing on Ricardian Comparative Advantage and ExportLed Growth (ELG) theory, the analysis employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Granger-causality tests to identify both short-run dynamics and long-run relationships. Descriptive statistics reveal steady but shock-prone growth, a persistent trade deficit (ln imports > ln exports) and notable exchange-rate and inflation variability. Granger-causality results show bidirectional predictive links between exports and growth and one-way causality from imports to growth. ARDL long-run estimates indicate that exports and a more depreciated exchange rate (higher ln TZS/USD) are associated with higher growth whereas imports are negatively associated with growth once exports and macro controls are held constant; inflation is positively associated with growth, consistent with pro-cyclical price behavior, while foreign direct investment (FDI) is statistically insignificant. Short-run results show that export shocks are initially contractionary, import shocks expansionary and depreciation contractionary on impact, with a large and significant error-correction term implying rapid convergence to the long-run path. The findings support a calibrated ELG strategy that emphasizes export diversification and value addition, careful management of import composition and exchange-rate and macroeconomic policies that safeguard competitiveness and external sustainability in Tanzania.
Effects of Microfinance Financial Services on Women Owned Business Performance in Iringa, Tanzania
This study focused on the effects of microfinance financial services on the performance of women owned businesses in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. Quantitative research approach was employed to collect and test statistical data. Explanatory research design was adopted, using 247 respondents which were selected using systematic sampling approaches from the study population of 647 women business owners. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire and analysis was conducted using the multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that microfinance financial services have significant effects on women owned business performance. Furthermore, micro credit and micro saving have significant effects on women owned business performance. The study recommends that policy makers at local governmental authorities need to develop microfinance policies that capture financial resources, such as micro credit and micro saving, which fit well to women context through mobilizing them to join social economic groups. The study further recommends that for women owned businesses to perform well, women should join microfinance institutions to obtain financial resources, such as micro credit and micro saving.
Influence of Internal Audit Charter on Internal Audit Function in the Tanzania Rural and Urban Agency
This study sought to establish the influence of internal audit charter on the internal audit functions in Tanzania, with a specific focus at the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency(TARURA). The study utilized the cross-sectional research design. The study involved internal auditors and managers from 26 regions and 139 districts within TARURA. The study population was 160 employees. A sample size of 144 employees was selected through stratification random sampling procedures. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, then treated through descriptive statistics. Regression analysis revealed an effect, with all eight components of the charter predicting the audit effectiveness. Therefore, public sector has to prioritize the formulation and maintenance of a robust internal audit charter while considering various strategies to improve the audit scope, periodic review, communication and comprehensiveness.
Leadership Effectiveness in Remote and Hybrid Work Environments: Adaptive Practices and Lessons from the Post-COVID Workplace
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the global workplace, prompting a re-evaluation of leadership models grounded in physical presence and direct supervision. This study examines what constitutes effective leadership in remote and hybrid environments by drawing on recent scholarly research on post-COVID organizational dynamics. Using an integrative qualitative review, the paper identifies core practices that support productivity, trust, equity and well-being in dispersed teams. Three leadership qualities emerge as essential: adaptability, emotional intelligence and purposeful, multimodal communication. These capabilities help leaders maintain cohesion, mitigate exclusion and support fairness across varied work arrangements. The analysis further highlights the growing significance of digital governance, the use of ethical technology and transparent performance systems in reducing proximity bias and strengthening accountability. Leaders who promote humane workload design, encourage recovery time and prioritize mental health contribute meaningfully to team resilience. Overall, effective leadership in contemporary hybrid settings balances competence with empathy, and structure with flexibility, offering practical guidance for cultivating inclusive, ethical and high-performing distributed teams.
Effect of Process Innovation on the Performance of Women-owned Food Processing Micro and Small Enterprises in Tanzania
This study examined the effect of process innovation on the performance of women-led food processing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania. The study also explores the mediating role of innovative performance in explaining the relationship between process innovation and performance, using the cross-sectional research design. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from 297 participants from four regions. Data was analyzed with the help of the Smart PLS version 3.0 Software, using the Structural equation Modelling (SEM). Based on the findings, the study concluded that the performance of women entrepreneurs is associated with process innovation. However, the mediation effect of innovative performance was non-existent. The study therefore recommended that women need to use modern technology to enhance the performance in their micro and small business enterprises.
Tree Growers’ Profitability in Veneer-Based Engineered Wood Products in Mufindi District, Tanzania
Engineered wood products have increased in demand worldwide. This also applies to Tanzania, leading to a developed interest in the increased production and demand of veneer, plywood and marine boards in the Mufindi District. This in turn influenced the aim of this study to examine the potential of Veneer Based Engineered Wood Products (VBEWPs) through the value chain. A cross-sectional study design coupled with purposive, stratified and snowball sampling techniques were adopted. A total of 152 actors involved in VBEWPs were sampled from the population of about 681 tree growers, brokers, traders, transporters and manufacturers. Techniques such as interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data. Data was analyzed by computing Gross Profit Margin, Value Added and Value distribution. The study concluded that although chains involving both small and large scale growers played a significant role in production of the veneer based engineered products, small scale chain experienced inefficiency compared to chain that involved large scale growers. Recommendations include increasing efficiency for small-scale tree growers’ chains and strong cooperative alliances to enhance collective negotiation for better pricing and access to loans. Furthermore, the government should improve investment policies and reduce various taxes that the value chain actors incur to lower production costs and maximize profits.
Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright resides with the author(s) in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC 4.0. The users may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognize the author(s) and the East African Journal of Management and Business Studies
Influence of Leadership Styles on the Performance of University Libraries in Kenya
This study used the convergent parallel mixed-methods design to explore the influence of leadership styles on the performance of University Libraries in Kenya. The study used a multi-stage sampling technique to draw respondents from 12 public and private university libraries. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected using a questionnaire and key informant interviews, respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data was analysed using Atlas.ti. The study revealed that most university head librarians used democratic and transformational leadership styles. The study concludes that some leadership styles influenced libraries’ performance. Particularly, bureaucratic and laissez-faire leadership styles affect library performance negatively. The study recommends that universities and libraries fund programs that help aspiring and working university librarians to strengthen their leadership skills to be able to apply appropriate leadership styles in their contexts.
Impact of Innovations on the Performance of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs in Tanzania
Innovation is a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness, especially for SMEs in developing countries. However, the impact of different types of innovation on SME performance in Tanzania remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how various forms of innovation affect the overall performance of SMEs in Tanzania. The study used the cross-sectional research design and random sampling to collect primary data from 162 SMEs in Mbeya. Data was analyzed using the Ordered Logistic Model. The results indicate that product innovation significantly boosts sales and customer satisfaction; process innovation enhances return on equity and product quality. On the other hand, marketing innovation drives sales growth and customer satisfaction while organizational innovation improving production quality and return on equity. These findings imply that innovation is crucial for improving SMEs’ performance. Therefore, policymakers should create policies that encourage financial institutions and government bodies to offer grants for product innovation and subsidies for technology adoption. Additionally, they should provide advisory services and incentives for organizational restructuring to enhance the performance of SMEs.
Vocational Graduates’ Challenges in Setting up and Operating SMEs in the Tanzanian Environment
This study investigated the challenges faced by Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates in establishing and operating Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania. The study used a qualitative approach with a cross-sectional design to capture data at a single point in time, allowing for an in-depth analysis of participants' perceptions and experiences. The study targeted a population of 220 SME owners. Using the Yamane formula, 222 participants were sampled, including 130 SME owners and 15 Entrepreneurship Education Coordinators selected purposefully for Key Informant Interviews and FGDs. Data was analyzed using content analysis, identifying themes aligned with the study's research questions. The study concludes that VET graduates are faced with significant challenges that impact their business sustainability. These challenges include inadequate government policy support for enhancing SMEs performance, limited access to financing, insufficient managerial skills, gaps in access to information and knowledge, complex regulatory requirements and limited innovation skills. Key recommendations include that the Government of Tanzania should simplify regulatory procedures and strengthen policies to provide targeted support for SMEs.
Employees’ Perceptions of Job Satisfaction in Local Government Authorities: A Focus on Context-Specific Factors in Ileje and Handeni Districts, Tanzania
This study investigated about employees’ perceptions of job satisfaction, based on contextual work factors in Ileje and Handeni Districts of Tanzania. The study used the case study design with a sample of 76 employees from the districts, who participated through an interview schedule. Conceptual analysis was involved in the analysis of data to determine context-specific factors that determined the employees’ job satisfaction. Based on the findings, the study concludes that job satisfaction is shaped not only by traditional organizational factors, such as salary and workload, but also by deeper, context-specific factors, such as favoritism, tribalism and logistical challenges. Due to these findings, LGAs should develop incentive programs for remote posting to make the employees feel more appealing to stay and work. There is a need to introduce housing allowances and to improve infrastructure systems, social amenities and recreational facilities to enhance the quality of life in the studied areas. Provision of transportation allowances is also essential.
Accounting Information Systems and their Role in Business Decision-Making Processes in Dodoma City, Tanzania
This study sought to report the perceptions of the accounting information systems and their role in business decision-making processes in Dodoma City, Tanzania, using the descriptive research design. The study focused on the population of 215 entrepreneurs among business organizations from whom 54 emerged as sample. A questionnaire and interview schedule collected data from the field. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, in terms of frequencies and percentages as well as the thematic approach that addressed the qualitative data from the interviews. Based on the findings, the study concluded that AIS significantly enhanced decision-making by providing complete, reliable and timely financial information. Despite the high level of trust in the AIS, minor issues related to human error and occasional delays in data timeliness existed. To enhance the effectiveness of the Accounting Information Systems in the city, businesses need to implement rigorous data entry training to minimize human errors and improve the accuracy of the financial information.
Determinants of Rental Withholding Tax Compliance: A Case of SMEs in Arusha, Tanzania
This study investigated about determinants of rental withholding tax compliance in Arusha, Tanzania. This study used the descriptive correlational design. The descriptive part of the design addressed the first research question while the correlational part addressed the second research question. The sample of the study was 90 drawn from 1,700 SMEs. The study employed a questionnaire as data source. Validity of the questionnaire was established through expert judgment. To ensure reliability of the results, the researcher conducted a pilot study to a small sample of 35 individuals with similar characteristics as the sampled respondents. After data analysis, the pilot study data yielded the Cronbach’s Alpha of above.700. Treatment of data involved mean scores and regression analysis. The study concludes that tax compliance is low among the SMEs in Arusha City. Awareness of compliance benefits is a contributing factor toward effective compliance. Based on the conclusions, the study recommends a serious intervention by providing awareness among the SMEs in Arusha City on the importance of their withholding tax compliance. As revealed by the findings and corresponding conclusions, the awareness will raise the rate of compliance.
Effect of Human Capital Development on Employees’ Performance: A Case of Delta State Civil Service, Nigeria
This study looked into the effect of human capital development on employees’ performance in Nigeria, using the descriptive correlational design. The population of the study consisted of 39,648 civil servants under the payroll of the Delta State Government as of July 2023. Taro Yamane’s formula determined the sample size of 396 respondents. Out of 396 distributed questionnaire sheets, 357 were accurately completed and returned. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlations and regression analysis. Based on the findings, the study concluded that manpower planning and career development strongly affected the employees’ performance in a positive way. Based on the conclusions, the study recommends that the Delta State Civil Service Commission should carry out proper manpower planning to enhance succession planning and to prevent manpower shortages or excesses. Hiring decisions for civil servants should base on applicants’ qualifications and competences, coupled with the organizational requirements or needs.
Factors Affecting People with Disabilities’ Access to Micro-Finance Services in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
This study investigated about factors affecting people with disabilities’ access to micro-finance services in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The study used the case study design since the study intended to draw conclusions for a specific community in the study area. Through purposive and snowball sampling, the study involved four SACCOS and selected households that had People with Disabilities. The study picked 50 People with Disabilities aged 15 years and above (Members and non-members) and 7 SACCO’s employees. Data collection involved a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The analysis of qualitative data took place through the thematic approach. The researcher coded the quantitative data into the SPSS, which determined the Relative Importance Index (RII), indicating factors affecting People with Disabilities’ access to SACCO’s services. The findings lead to a conclusion that little or no specific plans existed to cater for the needs of the People with Disabilities. Factors that majorly affected People with Disabilities’ access to financial services related to either People with Disabilities’ families or to the SACCOS’s administration. Family background, level of education and type of disability directly related to the People with Disabilities’ families while policy and legal conditions, limited SACCOS information and SACCOS publicity related to the SACCOS administration. The study recommends that the SACCOS need to conduct capacity-building and sensitization workshops toward People with Disabilities’ self-determination and critical decisions to engage actively into entrepreneurship activities. Furthermore, the SACCOS need to have friendly and welcoming policies that support specific needs of People with Disabilities.
Tour Guides and Porters’ Survival Strategies during Covid-19 Pandemic in Arusha City, Tanzania
The purpose of this study was to establish strategies used to survive by 250 tour guides and porters during the Covid-19 pandemic in Arusha City. The study used the descriptive and explanatory survey designs. The study used a questionnaire and an interview schedule as sources of data. The analysis of data employed the content analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The study concluded that the porters and tour guides used three survival strategies at high level, two at moderate level and one strategy at low level during the Covid-19 pandemic. The strategies were proved to be positive and significant for the survival of porters and tour guides during Covid-19 pandemic. The findings advocate for efforts of the tour guides and porters to do more savings, to diversify their tourism activities. They also need to undergo training to acquire appropriate skills, which can help them when they face similar crises and pandemics.
Impact of Currency Exchange Rate on Agricultural Exports in Kenya
Agricultural exports play a pivotal role in Kenya’s economic landscape. Kenya’s Vision 2030 highlighted agriculture as one of the key economic pillars that will spur its achievement. However, there has been reduced profitability and an increased uncertainty of producing for export, leading to poor performance of Kenya’s agricultural exports. It is against this background that this study examined the impact of currency exchange rate and agricultural exports in Kenya from 1982 to 2022. The study was anchored on the purchasing power parity theory, using the causal research design. OLS regression results indicated a significant positive effect of currency exchange rate on agricultural export performance at a 5% significance level. The study recommends that the government adopts policies that maintain a competitive exchange rates to boost the agricultural export performance in Kenya.
Usefulness of Social Media Platforms in Marketing Domestic Appliances in Mbeya City, Tanzania
This study dealt with usefulness of social media platforms in marketing domestic appliances in Mbeya City, Tanzania. The study used the descriptive research design. The study took place at the Mwanjelwa market in Mbeya City. The researchers chose the market because it is the heart of business activities more than other markets in the City. The study utilized a questionnaire that gathered background information about the business dealers, including age, gender, marital status and education level. Additionally, the questionnaires included items addressing trends in the usefulness of social media for marketing among domestic appliances. Data analysis took place through descriptive statistics in terms of frequencies and percentages. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp provided a robust platform for advertisement in the business endeavors. Each of the three social media platforms had its peculiar feature that supported the business sustainability uniquely. Therefore, the study recommended business people to integrate various social media platforms to increase their business sustainability by attracting and maintaining customers.
A Review of the Role of Marketing Skills on Agricultural Produce Marketing
The study reviewed 49 articles systematically to designate the role of marketing skills in promoting agricultural produce. Thematic and manual content methods were used to analyze the studies. The review indicated that few scholars have analyzed the role of marketing skills in promoting agricultural produce. However, the studies do not assess marketing skills’ role in the performance of major crops used for food and cash generation in developing countries, such as maize, beans, potatoes, and rice. The review further depicted that some studies equate marketing skills with other variables, such as entrepreneurship, marketing capabilities and salesperson skills. The study regards marketing skills as vital resources in the Resource Based View Theory. The findings of this empirical paper provide holistic recommendations to agricultural produce stakeholders, policymakers and the resource based view theory.
Employability Trends in Africa: The Role of Higher Education
This study investigated about employability trends in Africa, highlighting on the role of higher education. The study treated published papers as units for data collection and analysis. Following the identification of the literature, the study deployed a systematic review of the literature. The presentation of findings took place using the narrative approach. Based on the findings, the study concludes that graduates’ employability in Africa is higher and is mainly associated with lack of employability skills, including social skills, lifelong learning skills and entrepreneurial skills. The problem may only be resolved when universities integrate such skills in the teaching and learning processes. Therefore, the study recommends that universities in Africa need to integrate employability skills in the teaching and learning process to produce employable graduates and prevent the potential cost in providing the graduates with the missing employability skills.
Customers' Experiences with E-banking: A Case of Academic Staff at Mzumbe University, Tanzania
This study investigated the customers' experiences with e-banking. The study was carried out at Mzumbe University because the faculty members, especially those from the Faculty of Science and Technology, have the ICT know-how required to offer insightful analyses of e-banking systems. The study employed a qualitative research approach, using the case study design. Through purposive sampling, the researchers selected 12 participants who were knowledgeable in technology-related fields. ICT expertise was required to ensure that participants could provide insightful comments during the effective discussion on e-banking systems. Their technological expertise improved the overall quality, credibility, and relevance of the research findings. The study used an interview guide as source of data, in-person and telephone-based. The study used the thematic approach in analyzing data. The study revealed that most of respondents used the e-banking platforms, which helped people manage their accounts more efficiently and reliably while also saving money. The convenience of executing transactions and obtaining account information prevailed, which increased the perceived value and general convenience of e-banking platforms. On the other hand, a few individuals reported hesitance due to prevailing security issues. The study recommends that banks should create user-friendly interfaces and improve the efficiency and convenience of the online banking platforms. Furthermore, there is a need for strong security protocols that address the prevailing security issues.
The Influence of Information Sharing on Personnel Records Management in the Local Government Authorities in Tanzania
The study aimed to explore the influence of information sharing on personnel records management in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were quantitatively collected and analyzed through SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The study targeted 142 office supervisors from 26 selected regions, revealing a statistically significant positive correlation (β = 0.333, p = 0.001) between information sharing and personnel records management. This correlation indicates that information sharing can explain 33.3% of the variance in personnel records management, suggesting that enhanced information sharing leads to more accurate, accessible, and compliant personnel records. Effective information sharing practices not only foster intra-departmental collaboration but also strengthen communication with external stakeholders, enhancing council efficiency and decision-making. The study recommends establishing task forces to develop comprehensive information management policies aligned with regulatory requirements and organizational needs. Collaboration among Information Technology, Legal, and Human Resources departments is crucial for designing, communicating, and integrating these policies into daily operations, thereby optimizing personnel records management and organizational performance.
School Leadership Styles and Teachers’ Satisfaction: A Case of Secondary Schools in Kigamboni District, Tanzania
This study dealt with school leadership styles and teachers’ satisfaction in Kigamboni District, Tanzania, using the qualitative approach, and particularly the case-study design. Through the purposive sampling, the study involved 40 school stakeholders through an interview schedule. The study also employed the focus group discussions as a data collection method. Data took place thematically. Based on the findings, the study concluded that participative, autocratic and transactional leadership styles prevailed across the public secondary schools under investigation. Among these styles, participative leadership emerged as the most commonly adopted style. The style increased teachers’ satisfaction and participation. The study recommends that school leaders prioritize the participative leadership, which encourages participation in decision-making and empowers teachers to perform their duties effectively. Therefore, school leaders need to undergo frequent seminars and workshops regarding leadership styles with more emphasis on the participative leadership style which has proven successful in providing teamwork spirit.
The Influence of Media Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior: Insights from Two Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
This study analyzed the influence of media advertising on consumer buying behavior at the Saint Augustine University of Tanzania (SAUT) and the Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP) in the Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Specifically, it sought to establish the impact of TV advertising, radio advertising, newspaper advertising and social media advertising on consumers’ purchasing decisions. The study employed the cross-sectional design to establish the relationship between media advertising and consumer buying behavior. A stratified sampling procedure was utilized to select a sample size of 222 respondents within the study area. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire. To establish the effect of each variable, an ordinal logistic regression model was employed. The study revealed that TV advertising and social media advertising exert a positive and significant influence on consumers’ buying behavior. Based on these findings, the study recommended that SAUT and IRDP should prioritize allocating financial resources to advertising through TV and social media networks to enhance the admission and alleviate existing financial challenges faced by the universities
Effect of Audit Committee Attributes on the Effectiveness of Audit Committees: Evidence from Regulatory Authorities in Tanzania
This study examined the effect of audit committee attributes on the effectiveness of audit committees in the context of regulatory authorities in Tanzania. The sample size was 300 participants from 18 regulatory authorities consisting of board members, management, accountants and auditors. Data was collected using a structured survey questionnaire with a 5-Likert Scale where 241 participants responded, equivalent to 80.3 percent. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics. The study results indicate that the five audit committee attributes: the audit committee’s advisory role, financial expertise, independence, size and frequency of meetings had a significant effect on the effectiveness of the audit committee. The audit committee’s advisory role, which was derived from the resource dependence theory, significantly contributed to the agency theory. The study recommends that regulatory authorities in Tanzania assess their audit committee members’ attributes and establish optimal audit committee size, financial expertise, independence, frequency of meetings and capacity to discharge their monitoring and advisory roles.
Perceived Leadership Support as a Moderating Factor between Flexible Working Practices and Employees’ Job Performance among Public Hospitals in Tanzania
This study investigated the leadership support as a moderator between flexible working practices and employees’ job performance among regional hospitals in Tanzania. The study used the descriptive correlational design. Registered nurses and midwives from eight selected regional hospitals formed the population of 2,976 subjects from which the study picked 404 as sample. The study revealed that leadership support has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between work scheduling and employee’s performance. Therefore, leaders in public hospitals need to prepare appropriate schedules that meet the hospital requirements. The study further concluded that leadership support has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between workload and employee’s performance. Therefore, the leaders should provide enough resources to deal with adverse effects of excessive workload. Finally, leadership support has a significant moderating effect in the relationship between work continuity and employees’ performance. Therefore, the leaders should establish appropriate methods to increase supportive leadership practices.